Brain mapping

Anton's architecture mirrors the brain's major learning systems, and the module names in anton/core/memory/ are literal: hippocampus.py, cortex.py, cerebellum.py, acc.py. The user docs deliberately use plain names (memory, lessons, rules, skills — see the Glossary); this page is the rosetta stone that maps plain names to brain structures to code.

The seven learning systems

Brain Region	Function	Anton Equivalent
Prefrontal Cortex (PFC)	Executive control, planning, the "inner voice"	Orchestrator — decides what to work on, how, and when to stop
Working Memory (dlPFC)	Temporary reasoning space, ~4 slots	Scratchpads — isolated reasoning environments
Hippocampus	Episodic memory, records experiences	Experience Store — logs of problem + context + solution
Cortex (semantic memory)	Facts, rules, identity — the consolidated knowledge	Engrams — lessons.md, rules.md, profile.md
Striatum (procedural memory)	Habits and learned procedures — patterns of action	Skills — multi-stage reusable procedures with declarative + chunked + code representations
Cerebellum (per-cell error learning)	Supervised correction on a single action — "what I expected vs what happened"	Cerebellum — buffers errored scratchpad cells, extracts generalizable lessons via post-mortem
Anterior Cingulate Cortex (turn-level error detection)	Notices when the same kind of error pattern fires more than once within an episode — the brain's ERN	ACC — observes turn events, flags repeat patterns, produces lessons that flow through the same Engram pipeline

These systems coexist the way they coexist in the brain: declarative and procedural memory are dissociable (a person with hippocampal damage like H.M. can lose new declarative memories but still learn motor skills); the cerebellum operates in parallel with continued action rather than blocking it; and the ACC watches the whole turn rather than any single cell, complementing rather than replacing the cerebellum.

Structure → module → behavior

Brain Structure	Module	What It Does
Hippocampus (CA3/CA1)	hippocampus.py	The storage engine. Reads and writes individual memory traces (engrams) to markdown files. One instance per scope — it doesn't decide what to remember, just executes storage and retrieval.
Prefrontal Cortex (dlPFC/vmPFC)	cortex.py	The executive coordinator. Manages two hippocampi (global + project), plus an optional read-only one an operator manages (managed_hc, whose budgets add to the person's), decides which memories to load into the LLM's context window, gates whether new memories need confirmation.
Medial Temporal Lobe (episodic)	episodes.py	Raw episodic memory. Logs every conversation turn as timestamped JSONL — user input, assistant responses, tool calls, scratchpad output. Searchable via the recall tool. Like HSAM: never forgets.
Hippocampal Replay (SWS consolidation)	consolidator.py	After a scratchpad session ends, replays what happened in compressed form and extracts durable lessons via a fast LLM call. Like sleep — offline, post-hoc, selective.
Striatum (procedural memory)	skills.py	Long-term procedural memory. Stores reusable skills as multi-stage directories (declarative → chunks → code). The LLM retrieves skills on demand via the recall_skill tool, the way the basal ganglia activates a learned action sequence in response to a familiar context.
Cerebellum (supervised error learning)	cerebellum.py	Forward-model + error correction at the single-cell time scale. Observes every scratchpad cell via pre/post execute hooks, buffers errored/warning cells across the turn, and runs a post-mortem LLM diff to extract generalizable lessons. Operates in parallel with the agent — never blocks.
Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ERN)	acc.py	Pattern-level error detection at the whole-turn time scale. Watches a stream of typed events and runs pure-function detectors at end-of-turn. Lessons flow through the same cortex.encode() path the cerebellum uses; it does not own storage.
Reconsolidation (Nader et al.)	reconsolidator.py	One-time migration. When old memory formats are reactivated, they enter a labile state and get re-encoded in the new format. Preserves content, updates structure.
Medial PFC / Default Mode Network	profile.md	Always-on self-model. Identity facts (name, timezone, preferences) that contextualize all processing — you don't "look up" your own name.
Basal Ganglia + OFC	rules.md	Go/No-Go behavioral gates. The direct pathway enables ("always"), the indirect pathway suppresses ("never"), the OFC handles conditions ("when X → do Y").
Anterior Temporal Lobe	lessons.md	Semantic knowledge hub. Facts that started as episodes but have been distilled into general knowledge.
Cortical Association Areas	topics/*.md	Deep domain expertise stored in specialized regions. Not all active simultaneously — retrieved when contextual cues indicate relevance.
Locus Coeruleus-NE	Memory modes	The encoding gate. Controls how aggressively Anton writes new memories — from broad/indiscriminate to fully suppressed.
Synaptic Homeostasis	Compaction	During "sleep", weak traces are pruned and redundant memories are merged, preventing unbounded growth.

File layout on disk

Two scopes: global (cross-project, under the home directory) and project (workspace-specific, under the project's .anton/).

~/.anton/                              GLOBAL scope (cross-project)
├── memory/
│   ├── profile.md                     Identity — who the user is
│   ├── rules.md                       Always/never/when behavioral rules
│   ├── lessons.md                     Semantic facts from experience
│   └── topics/                        Deep domain expertise
│       └── *.md
└── skills/                            PROCEDURAL MEMORY (striatum)
    └── <label>/                       One directory per skill
        ├── SKILL.md                   name, description, instructions (agentskills.io format)
        ├── references/                Stage 2 — higher-level recipes/macros (optional, v2+)
        ├── scripts/                   Stage 3 — runnable helper modules (optional, v2+)
        │   └── __init__.py
        ├── requirements.txt           Stage 3 dependencies (optional)
        └── stats.json                 Per-stage usage counters (recommended/used)

<project>/.anton/                      PROJECT scope (workspace-specific)
├── memory/
│   ├── rules.md                       Project-specific rules
│   ├── lessons.md                     Project-specific knowledge (cerebellum writes here)
│   └── topics/
│       └── *.md
├── episodes/                          EPISODIC MEMORY (conversation archive)
│   ├── 20260227_143052.jsonl          One file per session (YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS)
│   └── 20260228_091522.jsonl
├── anton.md                           User-written project context (unchanged)
└── .env                               Secrets (unchanged)

Scope rules:

• Profile is global-only — identity is singular.
• Rules and lessons exist at both scopes.
• Skills live globally (one library across projects) at ~/.anton/skills/.
• anton.md stays user-written and is not managed by the memory system — see Project context.

Reading order for new contributors

1. anton/core/memory/base.py — the Engram dataclass and HippocampusProtocol. Everything else routes through these.
2. anton/core/memory/hippocampus.py then cortex.py — storage, then coordination.
3. anton/core/memory/cerebellum.py and acc.py — the error-learning loop.
4. anton/core/session.py — where it all gets wired into the turn loop.

Continue with Memory systems for the detailed walk-through of each module.